BIBLE CHAPTER STUDY

Psalms 105 — A Hymn Recalling God's Covenant Faithfulness

A summons to worship that grounds Israel's praise in the LORD's remembered covenant and historic acts of deliverance.

Scripture

1Oh give thanks unto Jehovah, call upon his name; Make known among the peoples his doings.

2Sing unto him, sing praises unto him; Talk ye of all his marvelous works.

3Glory ye in his holy name: Let the heart of them rejoice that seek Jehovah.

4Seek ye Jehovah and his strength; Seek his face evermore.

5Remember his marvellous works that he hath done, His wonders, and the judgments of his mouth,

6O ye seed of Abraham his servant, Ye children of Jacob, his chosen ones.

7He is Jehovah our God: His judgments are in all the earth.

8He hath remembered his covenant for ever, The word which he commanded to a thousand generations,

9The covenant which he made with Abraham, And his oath unto Isaac,

10And confirmed the same unto Jacob for a statute, To Israel for an everlasting covenant,

11Saying, Unto thee will I give the land of Canaan, The lot of your inheritance;

12When they were but a few men in number, Yea, very few, and sojourners in it.

13And they went about from nation to nation, From one kingdom to another people.

14He suffered no man to do them wrong; Yea, he reproved kings for their sakes,

15Saying, Touch not mine anointed ones, And do my prophets no harm.

16And he called for a famine upon the land; He brake the whole staff of bread.

17He sent a man before them; Joseph was sold for a servant:

18His feet they hurt with fetters: He was laid in chains of iron,

19Until the time that his word came to pass, The word of Jehovah tried him.

20The king sent and loosed him; Even the ruler of peoples, and let him go free.

21He made him lord of his house, And ruler of all his substance;

22To bind his princes at his pleasure, And teach his elders wisdom.

23Israel also came into Egypt; And Jacob sojourned in the land of Ham.

24And he increased his people greatly, And made them stronger than their adversaries.

25He turned their heart to hate his people, To deal subtly with his servants.

26He sent Moses his servant, And Aaron whom he had chosen.

27They set among them his signs, And wonders in the land of Ham.

28He sent darkness, and made it dark; And they rebelled not against his words.

29He turned their waters into blood, And slew their fish.

30Their land swarmed with frogs In the chambers of their kings.

31He spake, and there came swarms of flies, And lice in all their borders.

32He gave them hail for rain, And flaming fire in their land.

33He smote their vines also and their fig-trees, And brake the trees of their borders.

34He spake, and the locust came, And the grasshopper, and that without number,

35And did eat up every herb in their land, And did eat up the fruit of their ground.

36He smote also all the first-born in their land, The chief of all their strength.

37And he brought them forth with silver and gold; And there was not one feeble person among his tribes.

38Egypt was glad when they departed; For the fear of them had fallen upon them.

39He spread a cloud for a covering, And fire to give light in the night.

40They asked, and he brought quails, And satisfied them with the bread of heaven.

41He opened the rock, and waters gushed out; They ran in the dry places like a river.

42For he remembered his holy word, And Abraham his servant.

43And he brought forth his people with joy, And his chosen with singing.

44And he gave them the lands of the nations; And they took the labor of the peoples in possession:

45That they might keep his statutes, And observe his laws. Praise ye Jehovah.

What this passage means

Verses 1–7 open the psalm with a chain of imperatives — give thanks, call on his name, sing, glory in his holy name, and seek the LORD — tying each act of worship to the community that belongs to him: the seed of Abraham his servant and the children of Jacob his chosen (verses 5–6). Verse 7 anchors the whole song in a confession: 'He is Jehovah our God: His judgments are in all the earth,' so that praise is not emotion but a reasoned response to who he has shown himself to be.

Verses 8–15 ground that confession in covenant history. God 'hath remembered his covenant for ever,' the oath to Abraham and Isaac, the statute to Jacob (verses 8–10). The land promise to 'sojourners in it, few in number' (verses 11–12) is paired with divine protection: 'Touch not mine anointed ones, And do my prophets no harm' (verse 15). What Israel praises is not a vague goodness but a sworn commitment God has chosen to keep.

Verses 16–45 recount that memory in narrative sequence — the famine, Joseph's suffering and exaltation (verses 16–22), Israel's growth in Egypt (verses 23–25), the plagues through Moses and Aaron (verses 27–36), and the exodus led by cloud, quail, water from the rock, and the gift of the nations' lands (verses 37–44). The closing purpose clause, 'That they might keep his statutes, And observe his laws' (verse 45), shows that the historical recital is meant to produce obedience, not nostalgia.

Context

Psalms 105 is a community hymn that retells Israel's salvation history in the order of the Abraham cycle (covenant, vv. 8–11), the Joseph cycle (vv. 16–22), the sojourn and growth in Egypt (vv. 23–25), the plagues and exodus led by Moses and Aaron (vv. 26–36), and the wilderness provisions with the gift of the land (vv. 37–45). The opening call to praise (vv. 1–4) and the closing 'Praise ye Jehovah' frame the entire recital as worship.

The chapter frames Israel's story as the working-out of the covenant made with Abraham. The references to 'my anointed ones' and 'my prophets' (v. 15) and to the land given as 'the lot of your inheritance' (v. 11) identify the people addressed in verses 5–6 as the heirs of that promise, and verse 45 makes the moral purpose of the recital explicit: the remembered acts are meant to produce a people who keep God's statutes.

Key words in the original

  • H3034 H3034 (יָדָה, 'give thanks') is the opening imperative that sets the tone of the psalm. The root carries the sense of extended hands in acknowledgement; here it frames the whole song as a confession of what God has done.
  • H3045 H3045 (יָדַע, 'known / make known') in verse 1's 'make known among the peoples his doings' links private gratitude to public witness — the community's worship is also a missionary testimony.
  • H1875 H1875 (דָּרַשׁ, 'seek') in verse 4 goes beyond simply looking for God; the root conveys a regular, intentional pursuit — 'Seek ye Jehovah and his strength; Seek his face evermore' — that frames worship as continual orientation toward God.

Related verses

  • Isaiah 12:4 Isaiah 12:4 echoes the opening summons of Psalm 105 almost word for word: 'Give thanks unto Jehovah, call upon his name, declare his doings among the peoples,' showing how Israel's praise vocabulary traveled into the prophetic tradition.
  • Genesis 20:7 The phrase 'do my prophets no harm' in Psalm 105:15 parallels Genesis 20:7, where Abraham is called a prophet whose intercession protects even a foreign king — a model for how God guards those who speak for him.
  • Exodus 12:35-36 Psalm 105:37 — 'he brought them forth with silver and gold; And there was not one feeble person among his tribes' — matches the narrative in Exodus 12:35-36 where the Israelites received silver and gold jewelry from the Egyptians, recasting the departure as a richly provided exit rather than a flight.

Common questions

Why does Psalm 105 retell Israel's history as worship?

The psalm opens with imperatives to thank, call, sing, and seek (vv. 1–4) and closes with 'Praise ye Jehovah' (v. 45). Framing the recital between these calls shows that the purpose of remembering the covenant, the patriarchs, the plagues, and the exodus is to produce doxology — praise that flows from known acts of God rather than from vague feeling.

What is the connection between the covenant and the exodus in Psalm 105?

Verses 8–11 state the covenant with Abraham and the promise of Canaan, and verse 42 explicitly grounds the exodus in that promise: 'For he remembered his holy word, And Abraham his servant.' The plagues, the silver and gold, the wilderness provisions, and the gift of the nations' lands (vv. 27–44) are therefore presented as the outworking of the oath sworn to Abraham.

Does Psalm 105 include obedience within its theology of praise?

Yes. Verse 45 closes the historical recital with a purpose clause: 'That they might keep his statutes, And observe his laws.' The remembered acts of God are not ends in themselves; they are given so that the community who praises him would also walk in his statutes. Praise and obedience are paired outcomes of the same remembered history.

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