BIBLE CHAPTER STUDY

Genesis 47 — Jacob Settles in Egypt and Joseph's Land Reform

Jacob's family settles in Goshen, and Joseph centralizes Egypt's land and people under Pharaoh through an exchange of grain for money, livestock, and land.

Scripture

1Then Joseph went in and told Pharaoh, and said, My father and my brethren, and their flocks, and their herds, and all that they have, are come out of the land of Canaan; and, behold, they are in the land of Goshen.

2And from among his brethren he took five men, and presented them unto Pharaoh.

3And Pharaoh said unto his brethren, What is your occupation? And they said unto Pharaoh, Thy servants are shepherds, both we, and our fathers.

4And they said unto Pharaoh, To sojourn in the land are we come; for there is no pasture for thy servants' flocks; for the famine is sore in the land of Canaan: now therefore, we pray thee, let thy servants dwell in the land of Goshen.

5And Pharaoh spake unto Joseph, saying, Thy father and thy brethren are come unto thee:

6the land of Egypt is before thee; in the best of the land make thy father and thy brethren to dwell; in the land of Goshen let them dwell: and if thou knowest any able men among them, then make them rulers over my cattle.

7And Joseph brought in Jacob his father, and set him before Pharaoh: and Jacob blessed Pharaoh.

8And Pharaoh said unto Jacob, How many are the days of the years of thy life?

9And Jacob said unto Pharaoh, The days of the years of my pilgrimage are a hundred and thirty years: few and evil have been the days of the years of my life, and they have not attained unto the days of the years of the life of my fathers in the days of their pilgrimage.

10And Jacob blessed Pharaoh, and went out from the presence of Pharaoh.

11And Joseph placed his father and his brethren, and gave them a possession in the land of Egypt, in the best of the land, in the land of Rameses, as Pharaoh had commanded.

12And Joseph nourished his father, and his brethren, and all his father's household, with bread, according to their families.

13And there was no bread in all the land; for the famine was very sore, so that the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan fainted by reason of the famine.

14And Joseph gathered up all the money that was found in the land of Egypt, and in the land of Canaan, for the grain which they bought: and Joseph brought the money into Pharaoh's house.

15And when the money was all spent in the land of Egypt, and in the land of Canaan, all the Egyptians came unto Joseph, and said, Give us bread: for why should we die in thy presence? for our money faileth.

16And Joseph said, Give your cattle; and I will give you for your cattle, if money fail.

17And they brought their cattle unto Joseph; and Joseph gave them bread in exchange for the horses, and for the flocks, and for the herds, and for the asses: and he fed them with bread in exchange for all their cattle for that year.

18And when that year was ended, they came unto him the second year, and said unto him, We will not hide from my lord, how that our money is all spent; and the herds of cattle are my lord's; there is nought left in the sight of my lord, but our bodies, and our lands:

19wherefore should we die before thine eyes, both we and our land? buy us and our land for bread, and we and our land will be servants unto Pharaoh: and give us seed, that we may live, and not die, and that the land be not desolate.

20So Joseph bought all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh; for the Egyptians sold every man his field, because the famine was sore upon them: and the land became Pharaoh's.

21And as for the people, he removed them to the cities from one end of the border of Egypt even to the other end thereof.

22Only the land of the priests bought he not: for the priests had a portion from Pharaoh, and did eat their portion which Pharaoh gave them; wherefore they sold not their land.

23Then Joseph said unto the people, Behold, I have bought you this day and your land for Pharaoh: lo, here is seed for you, and ye shall sow the land.

24And it shall come to pass at the ingatherings, that ye shall give a fifth unto Pharaoh, and four parts shall be your own, for seed of the field, and for your food, and for them of your households, and for food for your little ones.

25And they said, Thou hast saved our lives: let us find favor in the sight of my lord, and we will be Pharaoh's servants.

26And Joseph made it a statute concerning the land of Egypt unto this day, that Pharaoh should have the fifth; only the land of the priests alone became not Pharaoh's.

27And Israel dwelt in the land of Egypt, in the land of Goshen; and they gat them possessions therein, and were fruitful, and multiplied exceedingly.

28And Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years: so the days of Jacob, the years of his life, were a hundred forty and seven years.

29And the time drew near that Israel must die: and he called his son Joseph, and said unto him, If now I have found favor in thy sight, put, I pray thee, thy hand under my thigh, and deal kindly and truly with me: bury me not, I pray thee, in Egypt;

30but when I sleep with my fathers, thou shalt carry me out of Egypt, and bury me in their burying-place. And he said, I will do as thou hast said.

31And he said, Swear unto me: and he sware unto him. And Israel bowed himself upon the bed's head.

What this passage means

Verses 1–12 describe the formal settlement of Jacob's family in Egypt. Joseph presents five of his brothers to Pharaoh, who grants them the land of Goshen and offers supervisory roles over his livestock. When Joseph brings Jacob before Pharaoh, Jacob blesses him, and Jacob characterizes his life as a hundred and thirty years of pilgrimage — few and difficult compared to his fathers. The family is then settled in the best of the land, in the region called Rameses, and Joseph sustains them with bread.

Verses 13–26 record the economic transformation of Egypt during the famine. First the people spend their cash on grain. Then Joseph accepts their livestock in exchange for bread. When both money and animals are gone, the Egyptians offer their land and themselves, becoming Pharaoh's tenants in exchange for seed and food. Joseph establishes a permanent law that one-fifth of the harvest belongs to Pharaoh. The priests are excluded because they receive a regular allotment directly from Pharaoh and so do not need to sell their land.

Verses 27–31 return to Jacob's family. Israel multiplies greatly in Goshen, Jacob lives seventeen years in Egypt reaching the age of one hundred forty-seven, and on his deathbed he makes Joseph swear to carry him back for burial in the ancestral tomb. The chapter closes with Israel worshipping from his bed, anchoring the family identity to the land of promise rather than to Egypt.

Context

The chapter sits within the Joseph narrative and follows the family's descent into Egypt recorded in Genesis 46. The cross references highlight three strands: the divine promise to make Israel a great nation in Egypt (Genesis 46:3), the ancestral self-identification as shepherds (Genesis 46:34) which shapes why Goshen is suitable, and the patriarchal pattern of burial in Canaan (Genesis 24:2; Genesis 24:49). The famine background established in Genesis 41:34 and Genesis 41:56 frames the economic measures that occupy the bulk of the chapter. The closing multiplication in verse 27 foreshadows Exodus 1:7.

Key words in the original

  • H1657 Goshen (גֹּשֶׁן) appears in verse 1 as the region within Egypt where Jacob's family settles. Its identification within Egypt is not stated in the provided text.
  • H3130 Joseph (יוֹסֵף, H3130) is the figure who mediates between his family and Pharaoh throughout the chapter, introducing his brothers, settling the family, and directing the grain exchange.
  • H6547 Pharaoh (פַּרְעֹה, H6547) is consistently titled as the Egyptian king who grants Goshen to Jacob's family, receives a fifth of the harvest as law, and whose house receives the gathered money.

Related verses

  • Genesis 46:3 The promise that God would make Israel a great nation in Egypt frames why the family can settle and multiply in Genesis 47:27.
  • Genesis 46:34 The brothers' self-identification as shepherds is the basis for Pharaoh's offer of Goshen and oversight of his cattle in Genesis 47:6.
  • Genesis 47:7 Jacob's blessing of Pharaoh in this verse is the occasion on which Jacob speaks of his life as a pilgrimage of a hundred and thirty years.

Common questions

Why does Jacob say his life has been a pilgrimage?

In verse 9 Jacob answers Pharaoh's question about his age by saying, "The days of the years of my pilgrimage are a hundred and thirty years: few and evil have been the days of the years of my life, and they have not attained unto the days of the years of the life of my fathers in the days of their pilgrimage." The term signals that he and his fathers have lived as resident aliens in relation to the promised land rather than as settled owners of it.

Why are the priests excluded from the land transfer?

Verse 22 states that Joseph did not buy the priests' land because "the priests had a portion from Pharaoh, and did eat their portion which Pharaoh gave them." Since they already received a regular allotment directly from Pharaoh, they had no need to sell their land in exchange for grain.

Why does Jacob insist on being buried in Canaan rather than Egypt?

Verses 29–31 record Jacob asking Joseph to swear that he will carry him out of Egypt and bury him "with my fathers." The request binds the family identity to the ancestral burial place in Canaan, consistent with the patriarchal pattern of returning the dead to the promised land rather than leaving them in a foreign country.

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