BIBLE CHAPTER STUDY
Psalms 35 — A Plea for Divine Vindication
David cries out to the LORD to contend against his unrighteous enemies, who repay his kindness with slander and violence, and vows public praise when God vindicates him.
Scripture
1A Psalm of David. Strive thou, O Jehovah, with them that strive with me: Fight thou against them that fight against me.
2Take hold of shield and buckler, And stand up for my help.
3Draw out also the spear, and stop the way against them that pursue me: Say unto my soul, I am thy salvation.
4Let them be put to shame and brought to dishonor that seek after my soul: Let them be turned back and confounded that devise my hurt.
5Let them be as chaff before the wind, And the angel of Jehovah driving them on.
6Let their way be dark and slippery, And the angel of Jehovah pursuing them.
7For without cause have they hid for me their net in a pit; Without cause have they digged a pit for my soul.
8Let destruction come upon him unawares; And let his net that he hath hid catch himself: With destruction let him fall therein.
9And my soul shall be joyful in Jehovah: It shall rejoice in his salvation.
10All my bones shall say, Jehovah, who is like unto thee, Who deliverest the poor from him that is too strong for him, Yea, the poor and the needy from him that robbeth him?
11Unrighteous witnesses rise up; They ask me of things that I know not.
12They reward me evil for good, To the bereaving of my soul.
13But as for me, when they were sick, my clothing was sackcloth: I afflicted my soul with fasting; And my prayer returned into mine own bosom.
14I behaved myself as though it had been my friend or my brother: I bowed down mourning, as one that bewaileth his mother.
15But in mine adversity they rejoiced, and gathered themselves together: The abjects gathered themselves together against me, and I knew it not; They did tear me, and ceased not:
16Like the profane mockers in feasts, They gnashed upon me with their teeth.
17Lord, how long wilt thou look on? Rescue my soul from their destructions, My darling from the lions.
18I will give thee thanks in the great assembly: I will praise thee among much people.
19Let not them that are mine enemies wrongfully rejoice over me; Neither let them wink with the eye that hate me without a cause.
20For they speak not peace; But they devise deceitful words against them that are quiet in the land.
21Yea, they opened their mouth wide against me; They said, Aha, aha, our eye hath seen it.
22Thou hast seen it, O Jehovah; Keep not silence: O Lord, be not far from me.
23Stir up thyself, and awake to the justice due unto me, Even unto my cause, my God and my Lord.
24Judge me, O Jehovah my God, according to thy righteousness; And let them not rejoice over me.
25Let them not say in their heart, Aha, so would we have it: Let them not say, We have swallowed him up.
26Let them be put to shame and confounded together that rejoice at my hurt: Let them be clothed with shame and dishonor that magnify themselves against me.
27Let them shout for joy, and be glad, that favor my righteous cause: Yea, let them say continually, Jehovah be magnified, Who hath pleasure in the prosperity of his servant.
28And my tongue shall talk of thy righteousness And of thy praise all the day long.
What this passage means
Psalms 35 is an individual lament in which David calls on the LORD to act as both advocate and warrior. The psalm opens with courtroom and battlefield imagery taken together: 'strive,' 'fight,' 'shield and buckler,' 'spear' (vv. 1–3). The petitioner is not asking for personal vengeance but for God to step in because the opponents have acted 'without cause' (v. 7), laying snares and digging pits for an innocent life.
The middle section (vv. 11–16) details the specific injustice. False witnesses rise, enemies repay good with evil, and when David had earlier mourned for them in sackcloth and fasting, they repaid his compassion with mockery and violence. This grounds the plea: the cry is not abstract but arises from concrete acts of betrayal by those closest to him.
The psalm then turns from petition to vow (vv. 17–28). David asks 'how long?' and reaffirms his commitment to give public thanks in the great assembly. The final movement prays that those who favor his righteous cause will shout for joy, so that the tongue of the petitioner and the people together magnify the LORD.
Context
The chapter is supplied as a standalone chapter study, with no surrounding chapters provided. The only contextual material given is a curated note labeling it as a backfilled psalm outside the P0/P1 set. Within the psalm itself, David presents himself as the object of false testimony, repaid kindness, and unprovoked attack, while his earlier compassion in fasting and mourning is recalled as a contrast to the enemies' cruelty.
The provided cross references cluster around one theme: God as advocate who 'pleads the cause' of the innocent (Psa 43:1; Psa 119:154; Jer 51:36; Lam 3:58; 1 Sam 24:15). Other links show God fighting for his people (Isa 49:25; Exod 14:25) and the motif of fasting being repaid with reproach (Psa 69:10). The covenant references (Jer 32:40–41) and Proverbs warnings complete the picture that vindication belongs to God.
Key words in the original
- H7378 The verb רִיב (rib) means to contend or hold a controversy. David uses it in v. 1 to ask the LORD to take his side in a legal dispute, framing the psalm as a courtroom plea rather than a mere cry for help.
- H3898 The verb לָחַם (lacham) means to fight or engage in battle. Paired with רִיב in v. 1, it broadens the request from a legal setting to military intervention, so that the psalm simultaneously pictures God as judge and as warrior.
- H3444 The noun יְשׁוּעָה (yeshuah) means salvation, deliverance, or victory. In v. 3 David asks the LORD to declare 'I am your salvation,' making the divine verdict itself the saving word the petitioner needs.
Related verses
- Psalms 43:1 Both psalms open with the same cry: 'Judge me… plead my cause.' The repetition shows that David understood vindication as something God alone accomplishes when the innocent is falsely accused.
- Isaiah 49:25 Here the LORD promises to contend 'with him that contendeth with thee.' This prophetic echo answers Psalm 35's plea: God does not merely permit the fight but enters it against the attacker.
- Lamentations 3:58 The sufferer in Lamentations confesses, 'Thou hast pleaded the causes of my soul.' Read alongside Psalm 35, it testifies that the courtroom plea of the psalms becomes a settled past-tense reality when God acts.
Common questions
Why does David ask God to 'fight' in a psalm that is also a courtroom plea?
Psalm 35 deliberately blurs the courtroom and the battlefield. When accusers use false testimony and violence together, the injustice is both legal and physical, so David asks the LORD to contend as judge and to fight as warrior in the same breath.
Has David been wronged by strangers or by those close to him?
The text emphasizes that those close to him repay his kindness with evil. He mourned for them as a brother or mother (v. 14), yet they gathered against him, so the wound comes precisely from former friends and companions rather than outsiders.
What is the purpose of David's vow to praise God in the great assembly (vv. 18, 27–28)?
The vow turns the psalm from a private complaint into public worship. By promising testimony in the great assembly and asking that those who favor his righteous cause also rejoice, David frames vindication as something that ends in the congregation magnifying the LORD, not the sufferer.