BIBLE CHAPTER STUDY
Genesis 35: Return to Beth-el, Renamed, and Rachel's Death
Jacob obeys God's command to return to Beth-el, purges foreign gods from his household, is confirmed with the name Israel and the patriarchal blessing, but the chapter closes with Rachel's death in childbirth and Isaac's burial.
Scripture
1And God said unto Jacob, Arise, go up to Beth-el, and dwell there: and make there an altar unto God, who appeared unto thee when thou fleddest from the face of Esau thy brother.
2Then Jacob said unto his household, and to all that were with him, Put away the foreign gods that are among you, and purify yourselves, and change your garments:
3and let us arise, and go up to Beth-el; and I will make there an altar unto God, who answered me in the day of my distress, and was with me in the way which I went.
4And they gave unto Jacob all the foreign gods which were in their hand, and the rings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem.
5And they journeyed: and a terror of God was upon the cities that were round about them, and they did not pursue after the sons of Jacob.
6So Jacob came to Luz, which is in the land of Canaan (the same is Beth-el), he and all the people that were with him.
7And he built there an altar, and called the place El-beth-el; because there God was revealed unto him, when he fled from the face of his brother.
8And Deborah Rebekah's nurse died, and she was buried below Beth-el under the oak: and the name of it was called Allon-bacuth.
9And God appeared unto Jacob again, when he came from Paddan-aram, and blessed him.
10And God said unto him, Thy name is Jacob: thy name shall not be called any more Jacob, but Israel shall be thy name: and he called his name Israel.
11And God said unto him, I am God Almighty: be fruitful and multiply; a nation and a company of nations shall be of thee, and kings shall come out of thy loins;
12and the land which I gave unto Abraham and Isaac, to thee I will give it, and to thy seed after thee will I give the land.
13And God went up from him in the place where he spake with him.
14And Jacob set up a pillar in the place where he spake with him, a pillar of stone: and he poured out a drink-offering thereon, and poured oil thereon.
15And Jacob called the name of the place where God spake with him, Beth-el.
16And they journeyed from Beth-el; and there was still some distance to come to Ephrath: and Rachel travailed, and she had hard labor.
17And it came to pass, when she was in hard labor, that the midwife said unto her, Fear not; for now thou shalt have another son.
18And it came to pass, as her soul was departing (for she died), that she called his name Ben-oni: but his father called him Benjamin.
19And Rachel died, and was buried in the way to Ephrath (the same is Beth-lehem).
20And Jacob set up a pillar upon her grave: the same is the Pillar of Rachel's grave unto this day.
21And Israel journeyed, and spread his tent beyond the tower of Eder.
22And it came to pass, while Israel dwelt in that land, that Reuben went and lay with Bilhah his father's concubine: and Israel heard of it. Now the sons of Jacob were twelve:
23the sons of Leah: Reuben, Jacob's first-born, and Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, and Zebulun;
24the sons of Rachel: Joseph and Benjamin;
25and the sons of Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid: Dan and Naphtali;
26and the sons of Zilpah, Leah's handmaid: Gad and Asher: these are the sons of Jacob, that were born to him in Paddan-aram.
27And Jacob came unto Isaac his father to Mamre, to Kiriath-arba (the same is Hebron), where Abraham and Isaac sojourned.
28And the days of Isaac were a hundred and fourscore years.
29And Isaac gave up the ghost, and died, and was gathered unto his people, old and full of days: and Esau and Jacob his sons buried him.
What this passage means
The chapter opens with God's direct command to Jacob: arise, go up to Beth-el, and build an altar there (Genesis 35:1). This is not a casual visit. The command uses the verb 'arise' (qum) and 'go up' ('alah), language that frames the journey as a decisive return to the place where God first appeared to him while fleeing Esau. The altar Jacob is to build memorializes a specific revelation, not a general piety, and the verse 'I will make there an altar unto God, who answered me in the day of my distress, and was with me in the way which I went' (Genesis 35:3) makes the altar a confession of past deliverance rather than a request for future blessing.
Before going up, Jacob commands his household to 'put away the foreign gods that are among you, and purify yourselves, and change your garments' (Genesis 35:2). The three actions — disposing of idols, ritual purification, and changing clothes — form a single unit of consecration. The text notes that the household hands over 'all the foreign gods which were in their hand, and the rings which were in their ears' (Genesis 35:4), and Jacob buries them under the oak at Shechem. The mention of 'rings which were in their ears' links these objects to image-cult practices rather than mere ornament, and the burial under a tree marks them as permanently removed from use.
Verses 9–15 contain the chapter's theological center. God appears to Jacob again, reaffirms the name Israel with the words 'Thy name shall not be called any more Jacob, but Israel shall be thy name' (Genesis 35:10), and then delivers the patriarchal blessing almost word for word: 'I am God Almighty: be fruitful and multiply; a nation and a company of nations shall be of thee, and kings shall come out of thy loins' (Genesis 35:11). The closing narratives — Rachel's death in childbirth, Reuben's offense, and Isaac's burial — do not eclipse this confirmation. They frame the renewed covenant as occurring precisely at the point when Jacob's family is most visibly marked by death and disgrace.
Context
The chapter falls between two major narrative blocks. Jacob has just reconciled with Esau and settled near Shechem (Genesis 33–34), and the command to go up to Beth-el (Genesis 35:1) pulls him back to the vow he made at Bethel in Genesis 28. The chapter note states only that this is a backfilled entry from Genesis outside priority ranges, so no further editorial framing is provided.
Within the chapter, three short registers close out Jacob's life with his father: the death of Deborah (Genesis 35:8), Rachel's death and burial marker (Genesis 35:19–20), and the death and burial of Isaac by both Esau and Jacob (Genesis 35:28–29). These brackets — Deborah, Rachel, Isaac — together with Reuben's offense (Genesis 35:22), account for the deaths and family fractures that bracket the renewed covenant at Bethel.
Key words in the original
- H0410 Used in Genesis 35:1 in the phrase 'unto God' (ʾēl). The same root appears a few verses later in the place-name El-beth-el ('God of the house of God,' Genesis 35:7), which Jacob coins precisely because God had revealed himself there. The term points to God as the personal object of Jacob's altar and vow.
- H6965 The verb qûm appears in Genesis 35:1 in the command 'Arise, go up to Beth-el.' Beyond its literal sense of standing up, the form used here carries the connotation of acting decisively, the same register in which God had earlier told Jacob to 'arise' from Haran (cf. Genesis 31:13). It frames the trip to Beth-el as the next definitive act of obedience.
- H3290 The name Jacob (yaʿăqōḇ) is the explicit object of the renaming in Genesis 35:10: 'Thy name is Jacob: thy name shall not be called any more Jacob, but Israel shall be thy name.' The chapter thus stages the transition from the supplanter name to the covenant name at the very site of Jacob's original vow.
Related verses
- Genesis 31:13 Provides the immediate background for the command of Genesis 35:1: 'I am the God of Beth-el, where thou anointedst a pillar, where thou vowedst a vow unto me: now arise, get thee out from this land.' The instruction to return to Beth-el in chapter 35 is the fulfillment of the standing order given at Haran.
- Genesis 32:28 Anticipates the renaming in Genesis 35:10. After wrestling at Peniel the angel says, 'Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel.' Beth-el is the place where this name is publicly confirmed and attached to the covenant blessing.
- Genesis 17:1 Mirrors the self-identification in Genesis 35:11. To Abraham God said, 'I am God Almighty; walk before me, and be thou perfect.' To Jacob at Beth-el the same title 'I am God Almighty' precedes the command to multiply and the promise of kings. The patriarchal formula is being re-applied to the third generation.
Common questions
Why does Jacob rename the place El-beth-el in Genesis 35:7?
The name combines 'El' (God) with 'Beth-el' (house of God). According to the chapter, Jacob calls the place this 'because there God was revealed unto him, when he fled from the face of his brother' (Genesis 35:7). It marks the site as the place of original revelation now renewed, not a new revelation in itself.
Does Genesis 35 give the reason for the household's purification in verse 2?
The chapter does not give an explicit theological rationale. It simply records Jacob's command to 'put away the foreign gods...and purify yourselves, and change your garments' (Genesis 35:2) as the immediate preparation for the journey to Beth-el. The connection drawn in the text is sequential: purification precedes worship, not theoretical.
How does Rachel's death relate to the covenant confirmation in Genesis 35?
The text places the covenant renewal and the patriarchal blessing (Genesis 35:9–12) immediately before Rachel's death in childbirth (Genesis 35:16–20). The juxtaposition shows that the promise of fruitfulness is confirmed precisely when one of its bearers, Rachel, dies bearing the tribe-father Benjamin. The chapter does not explain the juxtaposition; it simply records both within the same narrative arc.